|
|
|
POPULAR XP NEWSLETTER |
| POPULAR ARTICLES |
| COMMON ERRORS |
|
DIGITAL MEDIA |
Computer Workstation ErgonomicsArticle Published By Marc Liron - Microsoft MVP Computer Workstation Ergonomics
# Work Area
Computer
Workstation Ergonomics - The
WORK AREA The area underneath the desk should always be clean/uncluttered to accommodate the user’s legs and allow for stretching. If a fixed-height desk is used, add a keyboard tray that adjusts vertically to provide added adjustability. A footrest should be used if, after adjusting the height of the chair, feet do not rest flat on the floor. Use a headset or speaker phone to avoid neck and shoulder discomfort if you use a phone frequently throughout the day. Place the phone on
the side of your non-dominant hand (i.e., left side if right-handed,
right side if left-handed) A document holder should be used if documents are referred to during keying. The document holder should: Be stable and adjustable (height, position, distance, and angle of view). Support your document
on either side of the monitor. Sitting is also hard on the feet and legs.
Gravity tends to pool blood in the legs and feet and create a
sluggish return to the heart. The following recommendations can help increase comfort for computer
users: When performing daily tasks, alternate between sitting and standing or take small walking breaks throughout the day. The chair back should have a lumbar support Adjust height of backrest to support the natural inward curve of the lower back. It may be useful to use a rolled towel, lumbar roll or cushion to support the low back. The angle of the back rest is subjective but the trunk and upper legs should form an angle between 90 to 115 degrees. Adjust height of chair so feet rest flat on floor. Sit upright in the chair with the low back against the backrest and the shoulders touching the backrest. Thighs should be parallel to the floor and knees at about the same level as the hips. Back of knees should not come in direct contact with the edge of the seat pan. There should be 2-4 inches between the edge of the seat and the back of the knee. Arm rests should be removable and the distance between the arm rests should be adjustable. Adjust height and/or width of armrests so they allow the user to rest arms at their sides and relax/drop their shoulders while keyboarding. Don’t use armrests to slouch. Also, chair arms should not noticeably elevate your shoulders or force you to move your arms away from your body to use them. Elbows and lower arms should rest lightly on armrests so as not to cause circulatory or nerve problems. Use a footrest when attempts to adjust your chair and the rest of the workstation fail to keep your feet on the ground. Ensure that you have some space (2-3") between the top of your thighs and the underside of your workstation. Have enough space
under your work surface so that you can pull your self all the way
up to the edge of the desk with room for your legs and knees to fit
comfortably. Adjust brightness and contrast to optimum comfort. Position the monitor directly in front of the user to avoid excessive twisting of the neck. User must position the monitor at a comfortable viewing distance, approximately 18-30 inches from the user. Position monitors at right angles from windows to reduce glare. Close window blinds as needed to reduce glare from sunlight. Position monitors away from direct lighting which creates excessive glare or use a glare filter over the monitor to reduce glare. Adjust the monitor tilt so that ceiling lights do not reflect on your screen. If a document holder is used, it should be placed at approximately the same height as the monitor and at the same distance from the eyes to prevent frequent eye shifts between the monitor screen and reference materials. Get regular eye check-ups. Adjust as needed for larger screens. You may need to sit farther away and increase the font size to take full advantage of the larger screen. Bifocal and trifocal
wearers have to pay particular attention to the placement of their
monitor. Wearers of bifocals and trifocals often unknowingly tilt
their heads backwards so they can read the screen through the lower
portion of their glasses. This can sometimes lead to neck, shoulder,
and back discomfort. Potential solutions include either lowering the
computer monitor or purchasing glasses designed specifically for
working at the computer.
Many ergonomic problems associated with computer workstations occur
in the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Continuous work on
the computer may expose soft tissues in these areas to repetition,
awkward postures, and forceful exertions, especially if the
workstation is not set up properly. First adjust your chair as mentioned above, then with your arms
resting comfortably at your side, raise your forearms to form a 90
degree angle with your upper arms. Adjust keyboard height so shoulders can relax and allow arms to rest at sides. An articulating keyboard tray is often necessary to accommodate proper height and distance. Position the keyboard directly in front and be close to the user to avoid excessive extended reaching. Forearms parallel to the floor (approximately 90 degree angle at elbow). Mouse should be placed adjacent to keyboard and at the same height as the keyboard. Avoid extended and elevated reaching for keyboard and mouse. The back of the wrist should be kept flat (in a neutral position). Do not rest the hand on the mouse when your are not using it. Rest hands in your lap when not entering data. A padded wrist rest will help to keep your wrist in a straight and neutral position while typing and keep your arms off the sharp edges of the work surface. Do not rest your wrists or hands on a palm or wrist rest when you are keying. These rests are designed to provide support only during breaks from keying. The slope of the keyboard may need to be adjusted so that it is flat in order that your wrists are straight, and not bent back while you are typing. Press the keys gently; do not bang them or hold them down for long periods. Keep your shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers relaxed. If your work surface
is too high and not adjustable, adjust your chair to bring your arms
to the proper position. If you raise your chair make sure your feet
are properly supported.
The How To Play Your DVD's In Windows Media Player! The DVD XPack instantly adds DVD playback to Why Use It? BECAUSE:
The
InterVideo DVD XPack
(The
above link not working?
Click Here NOW works with Windows Vista too! --------------------------------------------------------------------- Placing the mouse, trackball, or other input device too far away, too low, or too much on one side can cause shoulder, wrist, elbow, and forearm discomfort. Placing the input device directly in your immediate reach zone offers natural comfort and maximum hand-to-eye coordination. Do not bend your wrist upward. Make sure you are sitting high enough for the workstation to be slightly below elbow height so that your hand rests naturally on the mouse. Mousing demands a certain level of surface stability; if used on a keyboard tray, the tray should not wobble or tip. A trackball has an exposed ball that you manipulate with your fingers. It requires the use of different muscle and tendon groups than does a mouse, and can add variety to your manipulation of computer information. Some trackball designs, however, may cause discomfort and possible injury to the area around your thumb, which stretches and reaches to maneuver the trackball. Test different models of mousing devices, trackball or other input devices. Consider the shape and size of the devices, how comfortably it fits into your hand, ease of operation, and any special features that might make your job easier. In addition to the
mouse and trackball, a variety of other input devices are available.
Consider your task requirements and physical limitations. Touch screens allow you to point directly at an object. They require little or no training, are faster than other pointing devices, and require no extra work surface. However, the disadvantages of touch screens include arm fatigue, smudges, optical interference, and increased glare. Voice input allows you to "talk" to your computer. Currently, such programs can understand and respond to natural speech delivered at rates of up to 160 words per minute. Pen-like devices use
pressure, light, electromagnetic disruption, or radio frequencies to
enter and manipulate information through contact with the computer
screen or a horizontal pad. A pen pad requires about as much room on
the work surface as does a mouse. If pen technology is used on a
horizontal pad, a workstation must provide adequate non-glare
lighting for both it and the computer screen. Adjust lighting to avoid glare on screen (light source should come at a 90 degree angle, with low watt lights rather than high). Avoid intense or uneven lighting in your field of vision. Place monitor at 90 degree angle to windows (where possible). Reduce overhead lighting (where possible). Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible. Walls should not be painted with a reflective finish. Use a glare screen or
monitor shield to reduce glare from overhead lighting. Maintain a comfortable viewing distance from your screen; about 18-30 inches. Keep your head and neck in a neutral posture; avoid excessive neck flexion or rotation. Angle the screen so that it is perpendicular to your line of sight, if lighting permits. Position the keyboard at elbow height, and keep your wrists straight while keying. Experiment with table height, chair height and keyboard angle to maintain neutral wrist postures. Remember: if you raise your chair use a footrest to support your feet. When seated your hips should be slightly higher than your knees. If you are seated in a side chair or couch, use a pillow to support your arms while keying. This will help you maintain neutral arm, wrist, and hand postures. Attach an external mouse instead of using the small constricted touchpad or trackball. Clean the screen regularly using appropriate antistatic cleaning materials. The hands and wrists should be kept in a straight wrist posture when typing and should not be resting on a pal rest, table, or lap while typing. Wrist and palm rests are designed to provide support during breaks from typing. Transporting the
Computer Carry your laptop in
a case with a padded shoulder strap and handle. Frequently shift
hands or shoulders to balance the load. Enjoy the rest of site! Kind Regards
Marc Liron -
Bio Other Websites By Marc Liron - Microsoft MVP News and Articles on Windows Vista: My Techie Blog: My Windows Technology Newsletter
| |||||||
|
